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Ten most intelligent animals

We humans have the ability to learn, to reason and solve problems. We're self-aware, and we're also conscious of the presence, thoughts and feelings of others. We make tools and practice the art of deception. We're creative. We think abstractly. We have language and use it to express complex ideas. All of these are arguably signs of intelligence. Scientists may not agree on the best and fullest definition of intelligence — but they generally agree that humans are highly intelligent.

Other members of the animal kingdom exhibit signs of intelligence as well, and some scientists might say the definition of animal vs. human intelligence is merely a matter of degree - a point that was brought home in 2005 when the London Zoo put "Homo sapiens" on display in the exhibit pictured here. Click ahead to learn about nine other species that stand out for their smarts.

• Chimps are almost like us
  
  
  
  If we humans possess intelligence, chimpanzees must have some as well: Our genomes are at least 98 percent identical. Chimps make and use tools, hunt in organized groups and engage in acts of violence. Wild troops have distinct behaviors and customs. Field observations and lab experiments show chimps are capable of empathy, altruism and self-awareness. In the experiment pictured here, chimps performed better than humans on a number memory test
  Dolphins get creative
  
  
  
  Janet Mann  /  Georgetown University
  This dolphin in Australia uses a sponge to protect her snout when foraging on the seafloor, a tool use behavior that is passed on from mother to daughter. Scientists say that's just one sign of dolphin smarts. Other signs include distinct whistles and clicks that may serve as dolphin names, perhaps used in a type of language. A famous 1960s experiment found that a pair of dolphins entered a tizzy of creativity once they figured out their novel behaviors were rewarded with fish. Frustrated human test subjects just let out a sigh of relief when they caught on to the idea.
  .
• Elephants exhibit self-awareness
  

  AP
  The sheer size of their brains suggests that elephants must know a thing or two about the ways of the world. They have been seen consoling family members, helping other species in times of need, playing in water and communicating with one another via vibrations sensed in their feet. A crowning achievement, some researchers say, was when this female Asian elephant named Happy recognized herself in the mirror. The complex behavior is shared only with humans, great apes and dolphins.
• Cephalopods have big brains
  

  Binyamin Hochner
  Are octopi, squids and cuttlefish smart? That's a matter of scientific intrigue, but such cephalopods are certainly among the brainiest invertebrates in the sea. The cephalopod brain surrounds the esophagus, but shares with the human brain features of complexity such as folded lobes and distinct regions for processing visual and tactile information. The how-smart debate swirls around deciphering observations that the creatures have a seemingly irrepressible curiosity, a disdain for boredom, an ability to learn and the capacity to use tools. The octopus pictured here exerts precise muscle control to eat.
  Crows get crafty
  

  Alex Kacelnik et al.  /  University of Oxford
  Crows are crafty critters: They fashion tools from twigs, feathers and other bits of debris to snare food from hard-to-reach places. A crow named Betty, pictured here, uses a straight wire she bent into a hook to retrieve food from a tube. The birds are born with a tool-making ethic, but they hone their craft by watching their elders, a sign of higher intelligence. Ravens, a type of crow, have even been shown to manipulate the outcomes 
• Man's best friend
  

  University of Vienna
  Are dogs intelligent or just really good at basic obedience? They can learn to sit, lie down and fetch, for example, but can they read their owner's intentions? Research suggests they can at least find food in response to non-verbal cues, a type of understanding that scientists think may be akin to the human ability to understand someone else's point of view. The dog in the experiment pictured here accurately discriminated between photos of dogs and photos of landscapes — an indication the dog was able to form the concept of "dog."
  • Cats are adaptable
    

    Bob Pennell  /  AP
    Like dog owners, some cat owners have trained their pets to sit down, roll over and jump through hoops. Cats learn the tricks by observation and imitation, egged on with positive reinforcement. But training cats is harder than dogs. Does that mean they are less intelligent? Not necessarily. Cat experts say felines are just different. They are solitary animals, motivated by the need to survive. This has allowed them to adapt to a variety of domestic environments for at least 9,500 years - even the hoods of cars.
  • Pigs are wise ... and clean
    

    Paulo Whitaker  /  Reuters
    Here's the dirt on pigs: They are perhaps the smartest, cleanest domestic animals known - more so than cats and dogs, according to some experts. But pigs don't have sweat glands, so they roll around in the mud to stay cool. A sign of their cleverness came from experiments in the 1990s. Pigs were trained to move a cursor on a video screen with their snouts and used the cursor to distinguish between scribbles they knew and those they were seeing for the first time. They learned the task as quickly as chimpanzees.
• Squirrels can be deceptive
  

  Gabriel Bouys  /  AFP - Getty Images file
  Is the squirrel pictured here plotting deception? Perhaps. Researchers recently reported that the rodents put on elaborate shows of deceptive caching to thwart would-be thieves. The behavior increased in a lab experiment after squirrels observed humans stealing their peanuts. The researchers called the finding a sign that squirrels can interpret intentions of others, though it could just be a case of learned behavior. Other studies have shown the critters make three-dimensional maps to recall where they cache their nuts. And squirrels in California will cover their fur in the scent of rattlesnakes to mask their own scent from predators.
  
  

todays question

Most relaxing tune ever

Boffins say the eight minute track, called Weightless, is so effective at inducing sleep it should not be listened to while driving.

Carefully arranged harmonies, rhythms and bass lines help to slow the heart rate, reduce blood pressure and lower levels of the stress hormone cortisol.

Manchester trio Marconi Union worked with sound therapists to create the soothing tune, which also slows breathing and reduces brain activity.

Scientists played the song to 40 women and found it to be more effective at helping them relax than songs by Enya, Mozart and Coldplay.

The study - commissioned by bubble bath and shower gel firm Radox Spa - found the song was even more relaxing than a massage, walk or cup of tea.

The women were connected to sensors and given challenging puzzles to complete against the clock in order to induce a level of stress.

They were then played different songs as their heart rate, blood pressure, breathing and brain activity were recorded.

Studies found Weightless was 11 per cent more relaxing than any other song and even made many of the women "drowsy" in the lab.

It induced a 65 per cent reduction in overall anxiety and brought them to a level 35 per cent lower than their usual resting rates.

The song features guitar, piano and electronic samples of natural soundscapes.

It is pierced throughout by buddhist-like chants that induce a trance-like state.

Lyz Cooper, founder of the British Academy of Sound Therapy, said Marconi Union had used scientific theory to make the "perfect relaxing song".

She said: "The song makes use of many musical principles that have been shown to individually have a calming effect.

"By combining these elements in the way Marconi Union have has created the perfect relaxing song.

"The study found this to be the world's most relaxing song.

"It contains a sustaining rhythm that starts at 60 beats per minute and gradually slows to around 50.

"While listening, your heart rate gradually comes to match that beat.

"It is important that the song is eight minutes long because it takes about five minutes for this process, known as entrainment, to occur.

"The fall in heart rate also leads to a fall in blood pressure.

"The harmonic intervals - or gaps between notes - have been chosen to create a feeling of euphoria and comfort.

"And there is no repeating melody, which allows your brain to completely switch off because you are no longer trying to predict what is coming next.

"Instead, there are random chimes, which helps to induce a deeper sense of relaxation.

"The final element is the low, whooshing sounds and hums that are like buddhist chants.

"High tones stimulate but these low tones put you in a trance-like state."

She added: "Sound therapy has been used for thousands of years to help people relax and improve health and well-being.

"Music was at the heart of healing and worship among indigenous cultures.

"Anybody who lives under a flight path or near a busy road appreciate the effect sounds can have on your stress levels.

"Weightless is ideal for putting on at the end of a stressful day and unwinding."

Dr David Lewis-Hodgson, from Mindlab International, which conducted the research, said: "The results clearly show that the track induced the greatest relaxation - higher than any of the other music tested.

"Brain imaging studies have shown that music works at a very deep level within the brain, stimulating not only those regions responsible for processing sound but also ones associated with emotions.

"In fact, Weightless was so effective, many women became drowsy and I would advise against driving while listening to the song because it could be dangerous."

Richard Talbot, from Marconi Union, said: "It was fascinating working with a therapist to learn how and why certain sounds affect people's mood.

"I always knew the power of music but we have previously written using gut feeling."

Cassie Shuttlewood, from Radox Spa, said: "Most of us feel stressed every day but Radox understands that it's not necessary to spend hundreds of pounds on massages, spa weekends and yoga retreats in order to relax."

Top ten most relaxing tracks 1. Marconi Union - Weightless 2. Airstream - Electra 3. DJ Shah - Mellomaniac (Chill Out Mix) 4. Enya - Watermark 5. Coldplay - Strawberry Swing 6. Barcelona - Please Don't Go 7. All Saints - Pure Shores 8. AdelevSomeone Like You 9. Mozart - Canzonetta Sull'aria 10. Cafe Del Mar - We Can Fly

interesting fun facts of animals

• Do you know a cat can not taste sweetness as it does not have receptors for sweetness !

• Do you know a shark is the only fish that can blink with both eyes! 

• Do you know the mosquitoes prefer to bite people who have just eaten a banana or have smelly feet!

• Did you know that mosquito repellents do not repel! They just block mosquito's sensors so they do not realize that you are there!It is like you having a blocked nose and unable to smell anything!

• Do you know that 12 honeybees have too spend their whole lives to make a teaspoon of honey!

• Do you know that elephants were known as oilphants .We started calling them elephants only after 14th century!

• Ants stretch and yawn when they wake up in the morning!

• Do you think cows bite grass off the ground, the answer is no !Rather they curl their tongues around it and pull !

• Here is a cute fact!When a male penguin falls in love with a female penguin,it searches whole beach to find a perfect pebble to give as a present to her ! 

• July 22 is celebrated in many countries as Rat-Catcher's Day!

• Dolphins have 'names' by which they call each other just like humans do! A study at University of St.Andrews in Scotland said that the marine mammals use a unique whistle to identify each other and respond when they hear their own call played back to them.The dolphins are acting like humans;they hear their name ,they answer back!

• Did you know that there is only one species in insects which can turn its head and the name of that species is the praying mantis!

• Tigers are excellent swimmers and can swim upto 6.5 kms at a stretch! 

• Do you know that female cats tend to be right pawed,while male cats happen to be more of left pawed.And another surprising fact about cats is that a cat can't climb head first down a tree because every claw on a cat's paw points the same way.A cat must back down to get down from a tree!

• Cats and Dogs: Cats can make about 100 different sounds .Dogs make only about 10 different types of sound.

• Do you know that to completely drain out the blood of an average human,it would take at least 1,200,000 mosquitoes, each sucking once.

• Do you know that parrots don't have vocal chords! They produce sound by pushing air out of their trachea.

• Gorillas have senses very similar to humans including hearing,taste,sight,touch and smell!

• Bees have 4 wings and their buzz is the sound made by their wings which beat 11,400 times per month.

• Flies do not grow.They are born full size.

• Do you know that Sharks have no bones,their skeleton is made up of cartilage.
• • You always thought protein is a nutrient? But do you know snake venom is ninety percent protein.
  • They say our ancestors were either chimpanzee or monkeys. But do you know a chimpanzee can learn to recognize itself in a mirror, but monkeys can't.
  • Can you sleep with open eyes ? No ! but dolphins sleep with their eyes wide open.
  • You know lightest /smallest bird of the world ? It is Humming Bird !A coin is heavier than a hummingbird!
  • Also do you know a Humming bird can also fly backwards !
  • How many hours you can sleep ? Can you compete with snails. A snail can sleep for three years, at a stretch.
  • Do you have any friend who is left handed ? Tell them they are not the only ones, as all polar bears are left-handed.
  • Do you know things keep changing over the years? Here is one , the butterfly was originally known as the ‘flutterby’.
  • Next time when you see a Zebra ,think is a zebra black with white stripes, or white with black stripes? Well, it’s white with black stripes.
  • A camel is known as Ship of desert as it can survive long without drinking water .But do you know a rat can survive longer than a camel without water.
  • Do you know whose immune system is strongest among all animals? Sharks ! They are the most healthy, as they are immune to all known diseases.
  • Now don’t laugh, there are more dogs in Paris than there are people.
  • Do you know Australia has 17 million people but 150 million sheep.
  • Do you know that Rodeheye rockfish of the North Pacific can live more than 200 years!.
  • You have eyelids, whenever there is dust-storm or strong light ,eyelids protect your eyes .But insects and fish have no eyelids. Hardened lens protect their eyes.
  • Squirrels save our environment ! How ? Squirrels accidentally plant millions of trees, as they bury their nuts and forget where they are.
  • A baby kangaroo is called a Joey .A newborn kangaroo (joey) is smaller than a thumb!
  • Do you love dogs ? Do you know eyesight of dogs are better than that of human beings?
  • A dog shoulder blades are unattached to the rest of its skeleton to allow it greater speed while running!
  • Do you eat eggs? Keep eating as they are plenty of hens giving plenty of eggs ! On an average a hen lays 19 dozen eggs in a year.
  • Always enter a dark cave from right .You would save yourselves from bats as they always turn left when exiting a cave.
  • Now this is called elephant-size smelling power ,an elephant can smell water from a distance of three miles.
  • Milk lovers! Make a cow listen to music and there will give more milk!
  • Elephants can not run as they can not lift all 4 legs off the ground at the same time but they move at up to 25 miles per hour by using the ‘Groucho walk’ with their knees bent & body lowered.!
  • Do you know a housefly lives only for 14 days.
  • Do you know a bat is the only mammal which can fly !
  • Have you been in airplane? But do you know dog was the first animal to be sent up in space.
  • Do you know whale is largest animal .The small car on the road is probably the size of the heart of a blue whale.
  • If you thought elephant is the biggest animal, just imagine this, length of an elephant is the same as the tongue of a blue whale.
  • Are you a brainy kid ? But do you know poor Starfish don't have brains.
  • King of the jungle –Lion. You know lions spend most of their day resting as they hunt during the night hours until morning.
  • Have you ever used mosquito repellent at home ? Tell your parent s !Mosquito repellents don't repel. They hide you. The spray blocks the mosquito's sensors so they don't know you're there.
  • Now try this & prove us wrong !No piece of paper can be folded in half more than 7 times.
  • You know Walt Disney created Mickymouse character ? But do you know Walt Disney was afraid of mice.
  • Elephants are the only animals that can't jump.
  • The only 2 animals which can see behind themselves without turning their heads are the rabbit and the parrot.
  • When hippos are upset, their sweat turns red.
  • The "nine lives" attributed to cats is probably due to their having nine primary whiskers .
  • The word Spain means "the land of rabbits."
  • A butterfly can see the colors red, green, and yellow.
  • Lions cannot roar until they reach the age of two.
  • A baby kangaroo is called a joey
  • A group of crows is called a murder.
  • In one trip, a honey bee visits about 75 flowers.
  • A sheep, a duck and a rooster were the first passengers in a hot air balloon.
  • A Glow Worm (Fire Fly) glows to attract small insects .The glow worms construct snares made from silk threads and sticky droplets to capture the insects attracted to their glow
  • Dolphins sleep with one eye open.
  • Chameleon is derived from the Greek, meaning "little lion."
  • An octopus has three hearts whereas Earthworms have 5 hearts & poor humans have only one
  • A dog by the name of Laika was launched into space aboard the Russian spacecraft Sputnik 2 in 1957.
  • A tiger's canine teeth can grow up to 3 inches long .It is easily capable of crunching through the spine of any creature of the earth.
  • You know Chameleon can chage color of its body ,but do you know the Chameleon can focus its eyes separately to watch two objects at once.
  • A bird’s heart beats 400 times per minute while they are at rest. When they are flying however, their heart could beat up to 1000 beats per minute.
  • A bird’s normal body temperature is usually 7-8 degrees hotter than humans.
  • Do you know that the humming bird can fly up, down, forward, backward and even upside down.
  • The giraffe has the highest blood pressure of any animal.
  • A giraffe can feed for up to 16 hours in a day.And it can eat up-to 60 kgs of leaves daily .
  • The ant can lift 50 times its own weight, can pull 30 times its own weight.
  • Female mosquitoes are non- vegetarian in nature and continue their existence by taking the blood of human-beings and other animals.They are only responsible for the spreading of the infectious diseases like Malaria, Dengue and Chikungunia etc.
  • Dogs have better low-light vision than humans because of a special light-reflecting layer behind their retinas.
  • There are people all over the world who eat bugs and insects as food, and the practice is called Entomophagy, which comes from the phrase “insect eating” in Greek.
  • Dog's noses are 10,000 times are more sensitive to Human ,that is why they are used in detective jobs.
  • A giraffe can grow up to 18 ft (5.5 meter) whereas an Ostrich ,the largest bird ,can reach 8 ft ,they can't fly but can run very fast.
  • You know why Flamingos are pink? Well, they feed on certain kind of algae which contains a chemical called cartenoids ,which is responsible for Pink color.In zoos, they don't get this kind of algae ,so their color fades to white.
  • A whale called humpback is famous for its singing.
  • An octopus has 3 hearts & a cow has 4 stomachs.
  • An animal epidemic is called an epizootic.
  • Dragonflies have the sharpest eyesight and largest eyes among all the insects .
  • The eyes of a sea lion are well adapted for seeing both above and below the water.
  • Male hippos use their lower canine teeth as weapons when fighting for female territory.
  • The thick coats of the camels reflects sunlight and act as a insulation from heat of the desert's sand.
  • A surprising fact about spiders: Spiders have transparent blood.
  • The Bonobo (also known as pygmy chimpanzee) makes a night nest in a tree in a new location every night .
  • The ostrich can cover 10 to 16 feet (3 to 5 meters ) in a single stride (leap) .
  • The Thorny Devil lizard from Australia drinks water through its feet .
  • Earthworms do not have lungs,they breathe through their skin .
  • Most plankton have little or no swimming ability and rely on ocean currents and tides for transport .
  • The antennae of the ant are used for smelling,tasting and touching purposes .
  • Octopuses can eject a cloud of blackish ink to escape from predators .
  • Squirrels use their tails as a signalling device to communicate .
  • Cranes have a large vocabulary of specialized calls including alarm bells .
  • Grasshoppers have 3 pairs of legs,the hind legs are longer and more powerful than other legs .
  • Hummingbirds keep hovering while eating their food,beating their wings 70 times a second .
  • Did you know that rabbits and guinea pigs don't sweat.

• Haji Shariat Ullah was born in 1781( Faraizi Movement 1830-57)
• The main aim of Brahma Samaj was Reform in Hinduism.
• Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded Brahma Samaj.
• Ani- Muslim Arya Samaj (1877) was founded by Dayanand Sirasoti. Arya Samaj was founded in 1875 (chk)
• In 1805, British made Sri Lanka a colony.
• British annexed NWFP in 1849.
• Wardha scheme written by Zakir Hussain.
• Sati was abolished by Lord William Bantink.
• First census in India made during the period of Lord Mayo.
• Moen-jo-DAro & Herapa discovered in 1922.
• Sir John Marshal ordered digging of Moen jo Daro in 1922.
• East India Company was formed in 1600 in London.
• In India French East India company was established in 1664.
• Raishmi Romal campaign started by Ubaidullah Sindhi before war of Independence.
• War of Independence started on 7th May, 1857 from Delhi.
• Lord Canning was the Governor General of India during Sepoy Mutiny.
• In India the first gate of enterance of Europeans was Bengal.
• At Meerath firstly the war of independence was fought.
• War of independence started on 9th May, 1857.
• The first Viceroy of the subcontinent was Lord Canning.
• Queen’s Proclamation was made in 1858.
• Indian National Congress made by Allan O. Hume in 1885.
• First president of Congress was W.C. Benerjee.
• 72 members attended the first meeting of Congress at Bombay out of them only 2 were Muslims.
• Warren Hastings was the first Governor General of Bengal.
• Hindi-Urdu controversy started in 1867.
• Mohsin-ul-Mulk founded Urdu Defence Association.
• Syed Ahmed Khan born on 17th Oct: 1817 in Delhi & died March 241898 at Ali Gargh.
• Sir Syed is buried in Ali Garh Muslim University.
• Tahzibul Ikhelaque was published in 1870. (1867 chk)
• Asrar-us-Sanadeed was compiled by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.
• Sir Syed wrote Loyal Mohammandan’s of India & Causes of Indian Revolt.
• Hayate-e-Javed is written by Maulana Hali about Sir Syed.
• In Indai English education was first initiated in Bengal in 1835.
• Shah Waliullah was born in Delhi.
• Madressah Rahimiya was established by Shah Abdul Rahim.
• Scientific society was established in 1863.
• Albert Bill was presented in 1883
• NWFP was separated from Punjab by the British in 1901, Lord Curzon was then the viceroy and GG of British India.
• Mohammadan Educational Conference was formed on 27 Dec: 1886 by Sir Syed.
• Muhammadan Literacy Society of Calcutta founded in 1860.
• “Indian Patriotic Association” was founded in 1861.
• Nidwatul Ulema (1884) was founded by Molvi Abdul Ghafoor Qasim Nativi. Nadvat-ul-Ulema was founded in 1894 and Maulvi Abdul Ghafoor was its founder.(chk)
• Darul-ul Deoband (1867) was founded by Mohd: Qasim Nanavatavi.
• MAO College founded on Jan: 8, 1877 and inaugurated by Governor General Lord Lyton.
• Present Sindhi alphabets made by Sir Barter Frere in 1883.
• Anjuman-e-himayat-Islam was founded in 1884.
• Sindh Madrasa built by Hassan Ali Afandi on 1st Sep: 1885.
• DJ (Diwan Dayaram Jethmal) Science College was opened by Governor of Bombay Lord Reay on 17th Jan: 1887.